Wow, I've really got to spell it out for you, huh? Azure Linux will not be exempt - Microsoft will add the required routines to it, and if they are the only ones to do so, then they soak up the server market in CA.

ETA: I doubt that will wind up being the case as other commercial vendors will not want to be left behind, but we were discussing the theoretics.

From TFB:

First, from the LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST

The bill would require a developer to request a signal with respect to a particular user from an operating system provider or a covered application store when the application is downloaded and launched. This bill would punish noncompliance with a civil penalty to be enforced by the Attorney General, as prescribed.

That's not an encouraging start. Of course, that's not the bill itself just the official summary, so we will need to dig in deeper.

At the beginning of the bill proper, there are some definitions, emphasis mine.

Section 1798.500

(c) “Application” means a software application that may be run or directed by a user on a computer, a mobile device, or any other general purpose computing device that can access a covered application store or download an application.

There are no business threshold or network capability requirements for the application (though there is one for the computer, sorta). It's simply anything that may run on a computer. 'ls' definitely qualifies as an application per this definition. This is a pretty reasonable definition of 'application', even if it is a bit circular. We could also have quite a conversation about what counts as a “other general purpose computing device”, but it isn’t defined here.

(e) (1) “Covered application store” means a publicly available internet website, software application, online service, or platform that distributes and facilitates the download of applications from third-party developers to users of a computer, a mobile device, or any other general purpose computing that can access a covered application store or can download an application. (2) “Covered application store” does not mean an online service or platform that distributes extensions, plug-ins, add-ons, or other software applications that run exclusively within a separate host application.

PyPI, a Debian mirror, crates.io and GitHub qualify as a "covered application store". Pip and cargo are an "software application" that "distributes and facilitates the download of applications from third-party developers to users of a computer" so they are as well. Depending on case law curl, rsync and scp might also, though the 'distributes' qualifier may exempt them. Oddly, browser add-ons are probably exempt due to (e)(2). And there may be a grey area around things like VMs. A purely personal website that only has software developed by that person probably doesn't qualify due to the 'third-party' qualifier. Again, there is no business threshold listed.

(f) “Developer” means a person that owns, maintains, or controls an application.

Again, a fairly straightforward definition, that would apply to anyone who maintains any "software application that may be run or directed by a user on a computer, a mobile device" per 1798.500.c.

So, we've got that developer is a simple definition that basically matches what one would expect, as does application. Covered application store is probably broader than one would expect, and has an odd carve out, but covers most modern software distribution channels. I guess it might not cover sending CDs in the mail.

Then we get to a single simple sentence:

Section 1798.501

(b) (1) A developer shall request a signal with respect to a particular user from an operating system provider or a covered application store when the application is downloaded and launched.

It's a really simple sentence that can be really easy to gloss over. But read it again. Maybe you could argue that it only applies the first time an application is run. But it absolutely applies when it is downloaded. There are no exceptions listed, no threshold tests, no "social media applications only". This applies to all applications, all developers, and all "covered application stores". Now CA jurisdiction doesn't cover downloads from outside of CA, but it does cover anyone downloading something inside of CA, or someone living in CA. So if a kid in CA downloads something from a outside of CA, the developer is in violation even if they are outside of CA. CA may not have the resources or desire to track down every developer outside of the state, but if they so choose they would be able to file a claim in the same way that CA can file claims on foreign people who violate other laws that involve CA victims, such as fraud.

Finally, there is this bit: 1798.504

(f) This title does not apply to any of the following: (3) The delivery or use of a physical product.

So, it looks like it doesn't apply to CDs in the mail.

Edit:

Of course, I forgot to talk about the penalty. Maybe there is something in there?

1798.503

 (a) A person that violates this title shall be subject to an injunction and liable for a civil penalty of not more than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) per affected child for each negligent violation or not more than seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500) per affected child for each intentional violation, which shall be assessed and recovered only in a civil action brought in the name of the people of the State of California by the Attorney General.

Nope, no exceptions or commercial clauses. It just applies to anyone. And paragraph b?

(b) An operating system provider or a covered application store that makes a good faith effort to comply with this title, taking into consideration available technology and any reasonable technical limitations or outages, shall not be liable for an erroneous signal indicating a user’s age range or any conduct by a developer that receives a signal indicating a user’s age range.

Well, an OS provider or covered application store isn’t responsible for someone lying to them, tech failures, or the actions of a rogue developer. But developers have no such waiver.

What does the comparability of root/admin access change in this situation?

Suppose Microsoft adds this capability to Windows, and you edit the registry to disable it. How is that any different?

I can see the argument for something like iOS. But on Windows you would be able to add or remove such functionality. What is the difference that makes the user the OS Provider on Ubuntu but not on Windows, in your eyes?

Let's say you own a computer store in California, you sell Windows laptops, and you setup your preinstalled Windows image with the registry edit made, because customers don't like the silly age prompt. How are you not the OS Provider?