New design sets a high standard for post-quantum readiness.

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[–] 126 points 1 year ago (34 children)

Great. Now we just have to get Signal off AWS and we be good.

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  • [–] 100 points 1 year ago (13 children)

    Signal puts a lot of effort into their threat model that assumes a hostile host (i.e. AWS). That's the whole point of end to end encryption, even if the host is compromised the attackers do not get any information. They even go as far as padding out the lengths of encrypted messages so everyone looks like they are sending identical blocks of data

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  • [–] 47 points 1 year ago (10 children)

    I'm assuming that they were more referring to the outage that occurred today that pulled a ton of the internet services, including signal offline temporarily.

    You can have all the encryption in the world, but if the centralized data point that allows you to access the service is down, then you're fucked.

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  • [–] 25 points 1 year ago (8 children)

    no matter where you host, outages are going to happen… AWS really doesn’t have many… it’s just that it’s so big that everyone notices - it causes internet-wide issues

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (7 children)

    Monero, Nostr, Lemmy, and Mastodon did not go down. Why? Because they are decentralized

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  • [–] 20 points 1 year ago* (2 children)

    that’s pretty disingenuous though… individual lemmy instances go down or have issues regularly… they’re different, but not necessarily worse in the case of stability… robustness of the system as a whole there’s perhaps an argument in favour of distributed, but the system as a whole isn’t a particularly helpful argument when you’re trying to access your specific account

    centralised services are just inherently more stable for the same type of workload because they tend to be less complex, less networking interconnectedness to cause issues, and you can focus a lot more energy building out automation and recovery than spending energy repeatedly building the same things… that energy is distributed, but again it’s still human effort: centralised systems are likely to be more stable because they’ve had significantly more work put into stability, detection, and recovery

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)

    Right, but even if individual instances go down, you don't end up with headlines all over the world of half the internet being down. Because half the internet isn't down, the network is self-healing. It temporarily blocks off the problem area, and then when the instance comes back, it resynchronizes and continues as normal.

    Services might be temporarily degraded, but not gone entirely.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    but that’s a compromise… it’s not categorically better

    you can’t run a bank like you run distributed instances, for example

    services have different uptime requirements… this is perhaps the first time i’ve ever heard of signal having downtime, and the second time ever that i can remember there’s been a global AWS incident like this

    and not only that, but lemmy and every service you listed aren’t even close to the scale of their centralised counterparts. we just aren’t there with the knowledge for how to build these services to simply say that centralised services are always worse, less reliable, etc. twitter is the usual example of this. it seems really easy, and arguably you can build a microblogging service in about 30min, but to scale it to the size that it handles is incredibly difficult and involves a lot of computer science (not just software engineering)

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (2 children)

    Monero isn't like the other three, it's P2P with no single points of failure.

    I haven't looked too closely at Nostr, but I'm assuming it's typically federated with relays acting like Lemmy/Mastodon instances in terms of data storage (it's a protocol, so I suppose posts could be local and switching relays is easy). If your instance goes down, you're just as screwed as you would be with a centralized service, because Lemmy and Mastodon are centralized services that share data. If your instance doesn't go down but a major one does, your experience will be significantly degraded.

    The only way to really solve this problem is with P2P services, like Monero, or to have sufficient diversity in your infrastructure that a single major failure doesn't kill the service. P2P is easy for something like a currency, but much more difficult for social media where you expect some amount of moderation, and redundancy is expensive and also complex.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Nostr is a weird being. You are correct that it is not peer-to-peer like Monero is. However, it's not quite federated in the same way that ActivityPub is.

    When using Nostr clients, you actually publish your same data to like six different relays at the same time. It has the built-in assumption that some of those relays are going to be down at any given time and so by publishing to like six at once you get data redundancy.

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  • Ok, so it's effectively the same as P2P, just with some guarantees about how many copies you have.

    In a P2P setup, your data would be distributed based on some mathematical formula such that it's statistically very unlikely that your data would be lost given N clients disconnect from the network. The larger the network, the more likely your data is to stick around. So think of bittorrent, but you are randomly selected to seed some number of files, in addition to files you explicitly opt into.

    The risk w/ something like Nostr is if a lot of people pick the same relays, and those relays go down. With the P2P setup I described, data would be distributed according to a mathematical formula, not human decision, so you're more likely to still have access to that data even if a whole country shuts off its internet or something.

    Either solution is better than Lemmy/Mastodon or centralized services in terms of surviving something like AWS going down.

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago

    sending identical blocks of data

    Nitpicking here but assuming from the previous words in your comment that you mean blocks of data of identical length.

    Although it should be as if we are sending multiples of identical size, I suppose.

    Anyway, sorry for nitpicking.

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  • [–] 19 points 1 year ago (6 children)
  • [–] 16 points 1 year ago (5 children)

    Would be very cool to be able to host a Signal homeserver.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    they won't do that.

    Matrix tried for quite a while to get interoperability, but signal is just too paranoid about distributed hosting or interoperability of their software/protocol. it's quite annoying

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago (7 children)

    So that's why Signal didn't send my messages very quickly today then, maybe.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (6 children)

    It's not completely out yet. That was likely AWS being down.

    Also, the new quantum protected message encryption headers are about 2kb. If that's causing issues with your internet, you may want to consider looking at new internet.

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    2kb? While it may not sound like much, that's at least three packets worth of data (depending on MTU). If you think about it in terms of how TCP sends packets and needs ACKs, there's actually a lot of round trip data processing going on for just that one part.

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago

    TCP will generally send up to 10 packets immediately without waiting for the ACKs (depending on the configured window size).

    Generally any messages or websites under 14kb will be transmitted in a single round-trip assuming no packets are dropped.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago* (2 children)

    That was likely AWS being down.

    Sorry, yeah, that's the only thing I was referring to.

    My internet connection is 500/500 Mbps, and I can't change it. 😄👍

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    The average for a person sending / receiving a message is about 35 / day. That's 70kb / person.

    Signal has aprx. 100 million users.

    Which means this adds about 7 terabytes daily.

    Just doing the math on it, there's no point to this message 😁

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  • [+] -17 points 1 year ago (3 children)
  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago

    I did, it's a buggy undercooked mess that doesn't work half the time. The app that's officially supported is missing half the features. Trying to get people to switch to it is like pulling teeth as the onboarding process in overly complicated for the average user.

    Meanwhile Signal works right out of the box with very little fuss.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    I could. Presumably so could the others commenting on this post. But then what are we to do about the privacy or tech illiterate people we've carried to Signal over the years?

    It's easy to winge about just doing what you perceive as the optimal solution. It's more difficult when you need to navigate the path to get there from where we are now.

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  • [+] -25 points 1 year ago (4 children)

    Why do we keep caring about signal when there's Matrix?

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  • [–] 14 points 1 year ago

    Because Matrix barely works half the time and has some significant security/privacy flaws still. One of which is: if there's a bug that makes it possible for someone to snoop your metadata and the fix requires a server update... You're SOL if the people you're talking to don't get the update.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    It took me years of begging and pleading with my wife to start using signal, the setup for which is way easier than matrix. I don't think I'd be able to get my wife to use matrix due to the increased complexity.

    I have secure comms with my wife (albeit centralized) and that's what's important to me.

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  • [+] -27 points 1 year ago (20 children)

    Having in mind we are not even close to breaking classical cryptography with quantum computing I doubt this was their best investment of time

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  • [–] 24 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    There are nation states just straight up intercepting and storing signal data on their networks in hopes that it can be decrypted in the future. 20 year old messages will still be useful.

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  • [–] 14 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    Their core feature is secure messaging, so I'd say this result highlights their dedication to the secure aspect of it. So an excellent feature in terms of branding, and probably has more benefits in other places e.g. attracting talent, as developers now can see Signal offers great opportunities to work on complex problems.

    So I'm curious; what do you think would be better investment of their time?

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    Like allowing a federated system instead of a central one, not depending in external libraries and services, and so on. I bet there are many things that would actually improve the security instead of this that is more of a marketing point.

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  • [–] 40 points 1 year ago

    the best time was yesterday. the next best time is today. securing systems after they're broken, when data could actively be collected prior to the breakthrough, is not the way to approach security.

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  • [–] 16 points 1 year ago (6 children)

    Once quantum computers break classical cryptography, it's going to be too late to develop post-quantum cryptography, mate.

    The best time to develop resilience is right now.

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  • [–] -2 points 1 year ago (5 children)

    It's not going to happen this century, probably never

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Even if quantum computing turns out to actually be infeasible and classical cryptography is secure for the next millennia, it's still a good feature to have a third independent encryption layer in the protocol. It makes it that much less likely reliant on the other two being bulletproof.

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  • [–] 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    How sure are you? Assign a percentage chance to it and the cost of exposing old messages, and compare that to the cost of this dev effort.

    We know governments are using it, and there's likely a lot of sensitive data transmitted through Signal, so the cost of it happening in the next 20 years would still be substantial, so even if the chance of that timeline happening is small, there's still value in investing in forward secrecy.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    They also want nuclear fusion reactors and there is none in the horizon after 50 years of research and development (even though many want to sell the idea that there are).

    You can start preparing for post hypercomputation cryptography too if you believe your argument.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)

    Lol, it shows the hype quantum computing has sold and how detached the public thought is about it from reality.

    I'm friends with two quantum computing researchers and they are pretty sure quantum computing will never be a practical application because of how the noise and errors scale with the system size.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago

    The quantum computing hype is really annoying but we don't know the future. One day there might be a breakthrough in noise reduction. I'd rather signal have post-quantum cryptography and not need it than get blindsided if there is suddenly a qc that can break rsa with shor. Not to mention intelligence agencies doing store now/decrypt later stuff.

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  • 9 comments in c/technology@lemmy.zip view that post
    [–] 12 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    While a TLS uses the same key throughout a session, keys within a Signal session constantly evolve.

    What are we defining as a "session" for Signal? The vast majority of TLS sessions exist for the duration of pulling down a web page. Dynamically interact with that page? New HTTP request backed by a new TLS session. Sure, there are exceptions like WebSockets, but by and large TLS sessions are often short.

    Is a Signal session the duration of sending a single message? An entire conversation? The entire time you have someone in your address book? It doesn't seem like an apples-to-apples comparison.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago

    I think the biggest thing here is that beyond just a session key (to make sessions secure from each other), this approach uses a rotating session key. That means each transaction in a sesssion is unique ensuring forward and backward secrecy.

    I may have read it wrong plus cybersecurity is not my forte.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago (2 children)
  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Do they still require a phone number?

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  • 4 comments in c/tech@programming.dev view that post
    [–] 6 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    No F-Droid, no trust. It doesn't matter how strong the cryptography is, if Google or the government can trivially deploy a backdoored version. It also brings into question Signal's own credibility/trustworthiness, as this is an obvious and well-known flaw that they've refused to rectify, and have made bogus arguments to justify their decision.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    I understand what you're saying here, and I agree, BUT...

    I think it's also important to understand that signal is also a company that, at some ooint, needs to make money from somewhere to do this awesome thing and they won't get that limiting themselves to an obscure app store that maybe 1 in 100 users even know about.

    I also highly doubt that Google would modify the signal binary with a backdoor. When that happens, truth will come out within days and it would severely damage Google's reputation, and at least the EU would be screaming bloody murder to push new stores from independent providers immediately. It would end bmvery badly for Google, so I think there is honest doubt about that argument.

    So yeah, they should at least ALSO host a version in fdroid, give users the option where to install it from

    The entire thing of limited app stores is just absolutely removed in the first place, it's nice and easy (taken the idea from open source there) but implemented in a way that only AND ONLY benefits the vendor Google. Or apple, same shit, different name.

    Phones should have an operating system where you can add app stores to. Linux phone, here I come!

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    Here's a good article with some context around the F-droid situation, and why Signal is full of crap.

    I think it’s also important to understand that signal is also a company that, at some ooint, needs to make money from somewhere to do this awesome thing and they won’t get that limiting themselves to an obscure app store that maybe 1 in 100 users even know about.

    Signal is a non-profit and backed by a billionare. Tbh idk what their financials look like, but they don't seem to be in a difficult funding situation at all.

    I also highly doubt that Google would modify the signal binary with a backdoor...

    They definitely wouldn't do it for everyone, but if the FBI comes knocking at their door and tells them that they need to access a specific person's Signal chats, deploying a backdoored update to that individual is easily within Google's power. It's extremely likely nobody would notice, unless maybe the target is a security researcher or something. And IMO even if the info does come out, most of the blame/consequences (if any) would fall on the government, not Google.

    Considering everyone is being labeled a "terrorist" nowadays by this whackjob administration, this type of scenario seems increasingly likely to me.

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  • [–] -2 points 1 year ago

    All this and a screenshot makes a copy. It's an amazing technical achievement, though. But the use case is a bit of a stretch, just like NFT's.. I'm not about to give kernel lock screenshot blockers room in my devices.. and encryption is solved for banking use etc. I'm probably missing a lot though

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  • 3 comments in c/privacy@lemmy.dbzer0.com view that post
    [–] 9 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    Well they wont actually be able to test it for a long time. There arent actually any real quantum computers that can be used for cracking anything. Lets hope that it actually works when the time comes.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago

    The underlying problem (Shortest Vector Problem) is known to be NP-Hard.

    We know, via mathematical proof, that if there is a solution to SVP that's solvable in polynomial time then it would necessarily mean that it is possible to solve any NP problem in polynomial time.

    This would be astonishing, to put it mildly. It would be as if physics suddenly discovered that things could move faster than light and have negative mass. Physics would get wormholes and computer science would get "Arthur C. Clark magic"* programs.

    (*“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” )

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  • 3 comments in c/tech@programming.dev view that post
    [–] 4 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    One exception to the industry-wide lethargy is the engineering team that designs the Signal Protocol, the open source engine that powers the world’s most robust and resilient form of end-to-end encryption for multiple private chat apps, most notably the Signal Messenger.

    Signal's update is certainly a great thing, but they were not the first, eh?

    For instance, here's a Tuta blog post from March 2024:

    https://tuta.com/blog/post-quantum-cryptography

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  • 1 comment in c/pulse_of_truth@infosec.pub view that post
    [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    Holy shit. That's pretty cool.

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