The human brain is not a single organ, but two separate systems that evolved independently before fusing together, according to groundbreaking new research. ... Armed with the knowledge of how hindbrain cells uniquely form, the team has successfully turned human stem cells into becoming functional hindbrain motor neurons in a lab for the first time.

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[–] 46 points 1 month ago

Much better article which includes links to the original paper: https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2026/09/two-separate-brains.html

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  • [–] 38 points 1 month ago

    Pretty cool stuff. It's been well understood for a while that lower brain function governs things like hunger sex and lower animal functions and the frontal cortex governs higher reasoning. Crazy they might have been separate organs at one point.

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  • [–] 98 points 1 month ago (5 children)

    I'm more surprised that it's separated as front and back, and not right to left.

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  • [–] 47 points 1 month ago (4 children)

    The left/right brain thing has always been bunk. People have entire hemispheres removed with minimal negative consequences, personality changes, etc.

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  • [–] 27 points 1 month ago (3 children)

    The personality test stuff is bunk. Pretty sure the experiment with the one hand drawing something and the other hand doesn't know are real.

    Are you sure people can have an entire hemisphere removed with minimal consequences? That sounds absolutely wild!

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  • [–] 17 points 1 month ago (1 child)

    I learned this a while ago so I had to double check!

    In terms of postoperative motor function, some patients may have improvement or no change of their weaker extremity,[11] and many can walk independently.[13] Most patients postoperatively have minimal to no behavioral problems, satisfactory language skills, good reading capability,[13] and only a minority of patients have a decline in IQ.[14] Predictors of poor outcome may include seizure recurrence and structural abnormalities in the intact hemisphere.[13]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispherectomy

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  • [–] 11 points 1 month ago*

    so. here is the thing. that. to me. is more of an indication the two hemispheres are independent and thus the left right thing. If we take the previous paragrpah into consideration:

    There is also data pertaining to how hemispherectomy affects the body in other ways. After surgery, the remaining cerebral hemisphere is often able to take over some cognitive, sensory and motor functions. The degree to which the remaining hemisphere takes on this additional workload often depends on several factors, including the underlying etiology, which hemisphere is removed and the age at which the surgery occurs.[13]

    In terms of postoperative motor function, some patients may have improvement or no change of their weaker extremity,[11] and many can walk independently.[13] Most patients postoperatively have minimal to no behavioral problems, satisfactory language skills, good reading capability,[13] and only a minority of patients have a decline in IQ.[14] Predictors of poor outcome may include seizure recurrence and structural abnormalities in the intact hemisphere.[13]

    We can see that indeed the other hemisphere has to expand its capability from what it had pre surgery and that much of what they are looking at is basic function and not like if they were as good at art or reasoning after surgery.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 month ago

    There are brain surgeries where you just chuck out the extra to get to the parts you want to work on, eloquent vs non-eloquent tissue. And epilepsy surgery where they completely disconnect the halves. Recently read a pretty good book on this.

    If you skip the first chapter, and then stop once he starts talking about anything other than neuroscience The Immortal Mind is a great overview of this by an extremely talented neurosurgeon who has dog shit views on literally everything else. Still worth it for the good parts but I warned you.

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  • [–] 44 points 1 month ago (5 children)

    Inside you are two brains...

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  • [–] 70 points 1 month ago (8 children)

    Wait so we have two brains and yet our society hasn't figured out how to use either of them?

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  • [–] 46 points 1 month ago (3 children)

    Probably three brains if you consider the neural activity going on in the gut and how it interacts with our brain.

    In a study published in 2023, the scientists found that long COVID is associated with a reduction in the body's natural levels of serotonin, a signaling molecule that is produced the brain and the gut. In the brain, serotonin influences mood, sleep and memory. In the rest of the body, it plays a role in physiology, but Thaiss and Levy found that gut-produced serotonin can affect the brain as well.

    ....

    Before these findings, scientists debated how SARS-CoV-2 could cause cognitive problems, as it is unclear if the virus breaches the blood-brain barrier. But the study by Thaiss and Levy suggests that the disease could have direct influence on the brain via the vagus nerve, regardless of whether the virus enters the brain.

    ...

    The gut also contains the largest number of neurons outside the brain of any structure in the body — more than 100 million neurons line the human digestive tract, from the esophagus to the anus. These cells make up what is known as the enteric nervous system, which some scientists refer to as a "second brain."

    It never ceases to amaze me how complicated our bodies and our minds are.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 month ago (6 children)

    Maybe I'm too sleep deprived, but why does "built from two blueprints" equal "is two organs"? When the two base components fuse they become one self-contained unit.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 month ago*

    To expand on what frongt said. An organ is a collection of specialized tissues that performs certain specific tasks. The stomach is an organ, the pancreus is an organ, and together they are part of a system. If the brain is more than one organ, we can target specific parts in the tissue differences for lab cell growth (as the article suggests), targeted medicine delivery (due to differences in autonomic braincell makup vs frontal and temporal processing tissues), and the next step in research will probably be how the two brain organs develop connections which could lead to nerve pathway repair (typically very hard to achieve).

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  • [–] 14 points 1 month ago (5 children)

    Now all the people who believe in brain/body dualism are going to have to decide which brain is the cockpit for our homoucli. The good news is that cryogenics is going to get cheaper now that we only have to freeze half of the brain.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 month ago (4 children)
  • [–] 4 points 1 month ago* (1 child)

    That one goes way back ... to the 90s, maybe even the 80s, I think I first saw it in Harper's Magazine. Great stuff. I tend to forget about it for years until something (like this) reminds me of it and I find a copy online to read. Meat problems.

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  • [–] 13 points 1 month ago (1 child)

    Men always be thinking with the lower one, amirite?

    /hi5

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  • [+] 6 points 1 month ago (1 child)
  • [–] 6 points 1 month ago

    We barely know anything about the human brain and yet some proclaim that they're making an artificial general intelligence based on a algorithm that purportedly mimics it.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 month ago (9 children)

    Since you only feel like one person which brain has your consciousness

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  • [–] 5 points 1 month ago (5 children)

    Look up the split brain experiments. They’re incredibly interesting.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago) (4 children)

    We seem to have at least two consciousness, but for most people one of them is almost entirely unable to communicate with the outside world, only the verbal consciousness.

    At least, it can observe and respond; I don't know it has a subjective experience.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 month ago (3 children)

    that sounds very interesting. do you have an overview you can point me to? thanks.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 month ago (3 children)

    And people said either I’m bipolar or just a classic Gemini. Now I’m just going to tell them about this recent study and tell them that hearing two voice in my head is normal.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 month ago (3 children)

    I wonder where love comes from? Hind or front. What about social functions? Like group loyalty?

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  • [–] 9 points 1 month ago (2 children)

    Front on a regular day. Hind when you're feeling really frisky.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 month ago (1 child)

    So they developed seperately? I mean humans have to tend to their babies for years compare to lizards that probably have an effect love evolutionarily

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  • [–] 2 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago)

    I believe they were making a joke about different positions of intercourse, not actually answering the question. e.g. "Front" ≈ missionary on a normal day, and "hind" ≈ doggy when frisky.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 month ago

    This is my brain, there are many like it but this one is mine.

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  • 19 comments in c/science@lemmy.world view that post
    [–] 36 points 1 month ago

    I'm going to start saying "that's a one-brainer" to describe decisions that are simple but not quite obvious.

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  • [–] 30 points 1 month ago (2 children)

    Yeah this is pretty cool. The front part of the brain develops from a different progenitor cell than the brain stem. There has been a ton of difficulty over the years trying to grow hindbrain cells from forebrain progenitors. It's because they were using the wrong progenitors. So they may be able to make more progress treating hindbrain conditions like ALS. I have no idea why nobody tried this decades ago but there's probably a reason.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 month ago (1 child)

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02433-7 So from the abstract of the paper they use two different techniques. Lineage tracing studies in mouse embryos and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Both these techniques are not even decades old at this moment.

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  • [–] 29 points 1 month ago (1 child)

    Turns out they were separate organs after all, despite confounding evidence to the contrary:

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  • [–] 12 points 1 month ago

    so...basicly two wolves inside your head

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  • [–] 9 points 1 month ago (1 child)

    Member that time ‘scientists’ discovered lymph nodes in the brain and it was like 2014 or something? And everybody was all, “Did you not think to look there, or . . ?” How did we get 20k years in and not know that.

    But, that’s the way the knowledge bounces.

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  • [–] 26 points 1 month ago

    Because we fund basically jack shit of scientific investigation that is just for the sake of investigation. A vast majority of funding is purpose driven which puts big blinders on the field. Failure of this type of idea could easily end the career of a new investigator or postdoc.

    There's a lot to rant about the state of modern research but a lack of funding is nearly always the biggest reason for why something seemingly obvious in hindsight wasn't discovered earlier.

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  • [+] 10 points 1 month ago (4 children)
  • [+] 23 points 1 month ago (3 children)
  • [–] 1 point 1 month ago (1 child)

    Haven't we known this for about 3/4 century?

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  • [–] 11 points 1 month ago

    We knew the forebrain and hindbrain were different. This research shows that the difference is OLD, and likely from when the brain was more distributed. They also found that, while they function in almost the same way, they are built from different genetic tool kits.

    Basically, we knew there was a difference. This explains what the difference is and how to work around the problems it has created.

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  • [–] -5 points 1 month ago (2 children)

    I think this lends a lot more credibility to the idea that the two halves of ancient humans' brains weren't connected (called the "bicameral mind"), and references to "gods" during that time period were hallucinations from the disconnected half.

    References to "the gods abandoning me/us" were people describing what it was like to experience the two halves connect, leading to the disappearance of the hallucinations.

    References to searching for people who are "still connected to the gods" means they're looking for people who still have a bicameral mind and experience the hallucinations.

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