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[–] 158 points 1 year ago (43 children)

Most traffic jams actually act as a kind of compression wave moving backwards through traffic. Something as small as a squirrel running across the road can cascade into an hour-long jam.

One person brakes, then the person behind them, then the person behind them, but each time they are getting closer to each other (nobody stays equidistant from the car in front of them when braking). This causes a greater and greater slowdown as more cars are compacted into a tighter space, which travels backwards in traffic like a wave. Often the person who caused it doesn't even realize anything happened.

A lot of mapping software actually estimates a given traffic slowdown by treating traffic as a fluid with a wave moving backwards through it.

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  • [–] 103 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (32 children)

    That's also why the best way to relieve traffic is to go at a slow even pace without braking. Every time the someone in heavy traffic runs up the ass of another car and brakes hard, or swerves into the "faster" lane and make someone else brake to not hit them, they cause another brake wave. If you have a few cars intentionally just hanging back and cruising with a big enough gap between them and the cars jocking for position in traffic in front of them, then their brake waves do not propogate behind you and eventually traffic just picks up pace again.

    Edit: side bonus, you still get there just as fast, but with a lot less stress fighting assholes for position (minus the ones who fly past you thinking you're the asshole for not riding someone else's bumper)

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  • [–] 50 points 1 year ago* (15 children)

    Yeah, in theory it's great but every time I try it people just cut in front of me then slam on brakes causing me to have to brake then adjust then repeat ad nauseam. People suck.

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  • [–] 14 points 1 year ago*

    Yeah, maybe I’m fooling myself but it really seems like hanging back more makes me have to do more sudden braking. Traffic seems smoothest when I’m close enough to discourage cut-ins …. Even if that means Im more at the mercy of traffic in front flowing down a bit

    But as a corollary, this is one of the reasons fewer lanes are sometimes better. A main road near me proved this out when they cut back from two lanes in each direction to one plus turn lanes. There’s no more jockeying for position, no more cut-in’s and you no longer have to protect your gap. Traffic is smooth and calm, and it improved accident statistics. Most importantly timing to get through that section is consistently better!

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (6 children)

    This is why I thought that maybe it would be good to have some kind of pacing cars, e.g. operated by traffic police? I.e. when you already know or can anticipate that there is a large jam building up, you bring in one pacing car on every lane at an appropriate low speed and everyone has to adjust, so the thing you mentioned won't happen.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    The problem with that is people would still do the same stupid shit behind the pace cars which would just cause the same issues.

    The only way traffic pace cars would work is with better fundamental training (and enforcement of that training [meaning cops would actually have to regularly ticket people for tailgating]).

    Especially here in the usa there are hardly any barriers to getting/keeping your license.

    There is a massive amount of drivers who either shouldn't be on the road at all or with heavy restrictions like not allowed to drive at night, not allowed on the highway, not allowed to drive certain classes of cars (kinda like other countries do for motorcycles because there is zero reason for any joe schmoe to just be able to legally get behind the wheel of something like a supercar on public roads)

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    Nah, cops being on the highway is one of the big causes of traffic. Everyone slows down to the speed limit when they come up on a cop and many are too timid to pass at all. This causes a huge brake wave and fucks everything up. It's why I don't think speed limits should even be a thing or should at least be adjusted because most highways are so low that just about everyone ignores them (and is not harmed doing so) until law enforcement appears. If people want to go slower that's fine but they need to keep right when they aren't passing and everyone needs to leave plenty of space in front of them so that traffic is permeable enough that people can get to their exit without causing brake waves and absorb the "shock" when it is necessary for someone to hit their brakes.

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  • [–] 0 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (4 children)

    You need to give even more space then so that them doing that doesnt make you slow down. People cutting in front of you also helps because those are the assholes causing the brake waves.

    Edit: down voters, I'm not saying that he "needs" to do anything as in it is his responsibility or he's to blame. I'm saying that, if he is going to employ this strategy, that making room for pricks swerving in front of you needs to be part of that strategy in order for the desired outcome to happen. If they are making you brake, then your attempts will not work.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    I have adaptive cruise with a settable car length and increasing the gap length just makes the cars behind you act more deranged.

    I've found the only setting that doesn't make everyone around me fly off the handle is the lowest (one car gap) setting.

    I also drive in the diamond lane on long trips and typically have my upper speed limit set well above what the person in front of me is driving.

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  • [–] -1 points 1 year ago

    This is actually an argument for why these features should be mandatory. Traffic is caused by humans and their silly emotions. These types of self driving features with inter-communication would erase traffic jams.

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  • [–] -1 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    At that point, you're the guy doing 15 mph under the limit in the left lane.

    Please only attempt this in the right lane.

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  • Everyone is doing 15+ under. We're taking stop and go traffic. What are you talking about?

    Edit: Also the least effective place to do this is the right lane. The right lane can have traffic because exits are backup up onto the highway. The left lanes are the ones only getting backed up due to brake waves.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago (4 children)

    Californians te the worst drivers in the world because none of them understand this simple concept. Every day I’m driving, I give more than enough space in front of me for someone to cut me off and I don’t have to brake. It’s simple. However, I’m constantly getting people riding my ass. Switching around me. And being over all menaces just because I’m leaving a roper gap between myself and the car in front of me. It’s wild.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    When idiots ride my ass I slow down.

    Im driving the speed limit in the right hand lane and you ride my ass - I let off the gas to the minimum speed (here its usually 45mph)

    Im actively passing in the left lane and you ride my ass I let off the gas.

    When the idots back off I speed back up. If they start riding me again I slow back down. After a few times of this they usually pull their heads out of their asses and back off/ properly change lanes.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago (6 children)

    Adaptive cruise control FTW. Matches speed with the person ahead of me (up to the max that I set) and maintains a gap that I can specify. It starts slowing down long before I'd notice the gap closing if I were doing it myself, so the +/- acceleration is a lot smoother as a result.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago (5 children)

    So, I don't know exactly how the adaptive cruise control works. But if it is slowing down and speeding up to maintain a specific distance, that does not fix things. The idea is to maintain a specific speed such that, as the people in front of you accelerate and brake, speed up and slow down, you have enough distance to not have to do that. You should essentially match their average speed with enough gap that their braking doesn't put them close enough to your bumper that you have to slow down yourself. Normal cruise control would be better (except mine won't set at speeds under, I think, 20mph) because your speed wont change. Adaptive cruise would make your drive safer, maybe, keeping you from being too close or failing to react to the change in traffic speeds, but I dont think it would solve the traffic issue itself.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    You aren't solving traffic as an individual driver anyway. Sorry to burst everyone's atomized bubble here but that's complete nonsense.

    If you manually maintain a large gap in front of you, everyone behind you becomes complete weirdos.

    We could "solve traffic" by not requiring single occupant car drives to accomplish everything in our daily lives.

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  • [+] 0 points 1 year ago (3 children)
  • [–] 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    You're right of course, the reason traffic exists is because you, DancingBear, cannot be on every roadway in America at the same time.

    Seriously dude, have you ever been in traffic? I'm not talking about a small slowdown on a one, two lane, or even four lane road. I'm talking about sitting on the 5 or the 101 in any of the multiple times it becomes a parking lot daily.

    Manually maintaining a large gap in front of you is not solving that shit, and it's frankly ridiculous to suggest that it will.

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  • [+] 0 points 1 year ago (2 children)
  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)

    Do you also believe that only you can prevent forest fires? Or that we can recycle our way out of climate change?

    Get real. Uncoordinated individual actions cannot solve systemic problems.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago

    It's not "locked" to a specific distance, it's fairly elastic and the exact follow distance varies based on speed. So, if traffic slows down, it will gradually close the gap while also slowing down. The end result then is far less drastic speed changes.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    Right, if you think about the creation of traffic as a negative speed wave which causes compression, and traffic alleviation as a positive speed wave which requires rarefaction, then it becomes clear why traffic is so stubborn. When people are so bunched together, no positive speed wave can propagate. Which is why you literally get to to the point where the original idiot slammed on the brakes and the traffic magically disintegrates. If everyone stayed 5 car lengths apart in traffic, that alleviation would actually propagate backwards as fast as the initial congestion.

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  • [–] 11 points 1 year ago (4 children)

    Do you know of a paper that describes this kind of traffic motion?

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago

    I couldn't find the paper I was thinking of that described the phenomenon of traffic propagating as a pressure wave, but I did find this paper (new to me) that describes a model for simulating how congestion spreads in urban environments (as opposed to an isolated highway, which IIRC the paper that most people reference models). It does have the full text available though, and it looks like a good read and has references that should get you going on the history of congestion research.

    I am not an expert; I just found this with a few minutes of searching. If there are experts with better papers I'd be happy to hear from ya!

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15353-2.pdf

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  • [–] 9 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    In one of the Mission Impossible movies Tom Cruise is supposed to have a boring job no one will ask him about and the movie shows this by having the character talk about traffic patterns. I thought it was interesting information then and think it is interesting now.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    Lmao I remember seeing this exact scene as a kid, thinking as he was talking "oh that sounds cool as fuck" and then only from how the scene played out realizing it was supposed to be a significantly boring concept

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  • [–] 74 points 1 year ago (10 children)

    A few years ago, I was bitching and moaning about a jam, and my pal just said "you're not in traffic, you are traffic".

    I know it's nothing more than a cheeky soundbite but just reframing it like that and knowing I'm part of the problem rather than the exception has made me a lot calmer on slow moving roads.

    Plus it has encouraged me to either use public transport more, or just drive to a park-and-ride a mile or three out, and run the rest - facilities permitting of course.

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  • [–] 21 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    "No John, YOU are the traffic!"

    And then John was traffic

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  • [–] 10 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    Switch to a motorbike, then you can experience righteous anger at the handful of drivers slowing down hundreds of bikes and people in buses.

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    Funnily enough, I'm planning on getting my licence at some point.

    I've no interest in motorbikes, I would just love to learn how to ride one safely.

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  • [–] 10 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    I understood them as expensive toys, like an old Italian project car that's fun to tool around in in nice weather, but when you need to get to work, you drive your car, but experiencing its role in SEA completely change my perspective. They can be cheap, boring, functional machines, with a suprisingly high capacity. that even a dog can perform basic maintenance on and keep running for decades, that work just fine in rain.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago

    Good shout.

    I live fairly rurally and the roads/drivers don't really lend themselves to new riders.

    I think if I lived in a big town or city though, I'd absolutely pick up a chicken chaser and rattle about short distances on one, they seem to be perfect for that sort of use case.

    Plus, not that I'm a huge fan of tobacco advertising, bikes in the Rothmans livery look absolutely stunning to me.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    I still lose it when I finally get to the front of the jam, and the only reason for said jam is because everyone is stopping to look at an accident on the OTHER SIDE OF THE HIGHWAY.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    Yeah, it's frustrating.

    I'm not entirely sure what the rubberneckers want to see either. "Oh look, someone critically injured next to someone who is likely deceased", because that isn't a day ruiner at the best of times.

    Odd.

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  • [–] 93 points 1 year ago (14 children)

    Hey I studied this in grad school for a bit, and it really is just "someone does some dumb shit which leads to a cascading wave of additional people doing dumb shit which propagates backwards for miles." Basically when the offered load is getting close to the maximum load, all it takes is one person aggressively changing lanes to throw that section of highway into gridlock, and it will remain that way until the total integrated traffic flux across that incident boundary again falls below the critical offered load inflection point.

    Basically, pick a lane and just stay in it. Maintain proper following distance. Counterintuitively, the following distance should be for the speed you want to drive, so even in traffic it should be like 5+ car lengths even though you are going slow. This is because it reduces the offered load, and once that number falls below the critical point, speeds will increase again. Bumper to bumper traffic basically prevents that from happening because it dampens the ability for a "speedup" wave to propagate.

    Of course this is all impossible for humans. All it takes is a few idiots to throw off the balance.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (6 children)

    Yep! All it takes is one person braking, and then the person behind braking, then the person behind them, and eith each braking the overall speed slows down more and more. It creates a wave of traffic. The wave passes through. The starting point I think moves back further and further.

    I think about it a lot while I sit in traffic.

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  • [–] -2 points 1 year ago (5 children)

    I think the issue is more or less slow drivers. One asshole is going 60 in a 70 in the left lane which caused people to pass them which in turn cause the cascade from the maneuvering around the slow person.

    Slow drivers are far more dangerous than people don't 10 15 over the speed limit.

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  • [+] 1 point 1 year ago (5 children)
  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    If people pass quickly, then get out of the left lane, nobody needs to brake and start a compression wave

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)

    Why is Driving Slower than Other Vehicles Just as Dangerous as Speeding? https://share.google/U82ugU39Gc0XOa55G

    A Few Slow Drivers Increase the Number of Accidents https://share.google/SUYjn8eEkNNLe5xBO

    Slow Drivers: Dangers of Driving Slow | Allstate https://share.google/7GP2waFViHMUqEJYj

    Some times you people don't even know what you're downvoting.

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  • [+] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)
  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    That is exactly what I'm suggesting. And so are the sources I provided.

    But let me be clear. People who go slow on purpose in high speed areas are a danger for people trying to go faster. I'm not taking about people speeding recklessly. I'm talking people going 60 in a 70 or 20 in a 35. They cause other drivers to maneuver around them which could cause a situation.

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  • [+] 68 points 1 year ago* (6 children)
  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    Iirc, the answer is to have someone drive slowly and let other cars pass. It creates a buffer zone that regulates the flow back to normal pace. Or at least that's what I remember from New Scientist's video from like a decade ago.

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  • [–] 15 points 1 year ago

    I used to just idle when traffic moved. Slowed down way before i was even close to the car ahead. Played a game where i was trying to move at a constant speed or max fuel econ. Much less stressful to always be moving than gas/brake every 10s, even if you're moving 5mph.

    Really helps to look 3-4 cars ahead for brake lights.

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  • [–] 24 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    CGP grey did a video on it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHzzSao6ypE

    Basically one car breaking too much will make the following brake even more and so on until one stops and there's a jam. There is no clear reason like a road blockage or an accident, just compounding slow down.

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  • There are phantom traffic jams where someone breaks hard and it ripples on for ages. You can see on YouTube.

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  • [–] 17 points 1 year ago

    Exactly, it's entirely because the people in front of you are going slow.

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  • [–] 17 points 1 year ago (4 children)

    It's usually a complex crowd effect created by many participants trying to maneuver among each other in slightly disperate ways.

    In Portland OR, it really is because some dingbat slowed down to 20 MPH on the interstate for literally no fucking reason at all.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Taking I-5 into Vancouver from Portland is always horrific. Once you get over the bridge it always clears right up! A big part of that is all the on ramps. There's so many of them! So everybody is having to make way every 10 feet for someone merging in.

    It's horrendous.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago*

    Yeah they could probably stand to lose the more southern of the two ramp sets at Delta Park, feels very extra and overall unhelpful (And I say this as someone who uses that ramp when headed north). Of course ODOT's solution, beyond replacing the bridge, is to widen I-5 south of the bridge - Which anyone with a brain and 50 years of highway traffic studies can tell us would directly contribute to worsening the problem.

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