Cheese is not mold, though. Blue cheese contains it, other kinds are milk solids and maybe some bacteria.

Edit: To answer the question: Soy can be turned into either bioplastic or food. Pure carbon can be diamonds or soot/coal/graphite. Electrical resistance can either be unwanted waste or the primary purpose of the circuit (like in a space heater).

You can make just about anything from corn.

Food, sugar, fuel, sextoys, plastic... The list is pretty long.

i like how taco bell manages to create 'new' items out of the same 6ish ingredients. does that count?

Cheese isn't a mould. It is a dairy product, whereas mould is a fungus. Some cheeses use fungi in production, such as Roquefort and Stilton, but the majority do not. Cheese is made by processing raw milk using various enzymes; if there is fungus in there, it is added towards the end of the process.

But for a real example: diamonds and graphite (pencil "lead") are both pure carbon crystals, but one is hard and the other isn't.

Rocks and minerals, whether they are refined or not: roads and building materials; ore processed into elemental metals; soils (biologically, chemically, and physically weathered rock); quartz is used for glass (melted and shaped) and timepieces (piezoelectric application of quartz); micas: (windows made of thin leaves, Muscovite), used as reflective additives in road paint and makeup; gypsum is used as fertilizer, sidewalk chalk, plaster, drywall, etc. The list goes on and on, but my point is, geology provides many things in our world that are considered mundane or often overlooked.

I remember some food preservative used at Subway is also used in floormats and everyone freaking out saying subways has rubber in their food.

Ice and snow. Rock and sand.

Wine / Rosé / vinegar all made from grapes!

Linux distro derivatives of existing Linux distros, such as an "Arch-based" or "Debian-based" distro.

E.g. EndeavourOS is an Arch-based distro (derivative of ArchLinux). Ubuntu is a Debian-based distro, etc.

Most cheese isn't mould. Aged cheese does involve bacteria though