Meshtastic: Off-Grid Mesh Communication Network

Meshtastic is a decentralized wireless mesh networking protocol that enables long-range, low-power communication over unlicensed radio bands using LoRa technology[^1]. Created by Kevin Hester in early 2020, the project aims to provide text messaging and data transmission capabilities in areas without existing infrastructure[^1].

Key Features

  • Long-range communication (331km record achieved)[^3]
  • Encrypted messaging
  • No phone required for mesh communication
  • Decentralized architecture without dedicated routers
  • Extended battery life, particularly with NRF52-based devices
  • Optional GPS location tracking
  • Environmental sensor support

Hardware Options

The system supports various hardware platforms:

  1. ESP32-based devices
  • Lower initial cost
  • Limited battery life (approximately 8-14 hours on 18650 battery)[^7]
  • Examples: Heltec V3, T-beam
  1. NRF52-based devices
  • Superior power efficiency (up to 16 days on single 18650 battery)[^7]
  • Higher cost
  • Examples: RAK Wisblock 4630, T-Echo

Real-World Applications

The Mars Society uses Meshtastic T-Echo radios for communication during analog astronaut missions in remote areas where traditional communication infrastructure is unavailable[^1]. Other applications include:

  • Hiking communication in remote areas
  • Emergency communication during natural disasters
  • Backup municipal communication systems
  • Environmental monitoring through sensor networks

Technical Limitations

  • Requires line-of-sight between devices
  • Limited to text messaging (no internet replacement)
  • Bandwidth constraints can cause network congestion
  • Network reliability depends on node density

Network Capacity

The system has demonstrated ability to handle between 2,000 and 2,500 nodes simultaneously at large events like DEF CON, using "Short Turbo" mode for quicker broadcast bursts[^1].

Security Considerations

Messages can be encrypted, but users should implement their own application layer encryption for sensitive communications. The default public MQTT server makes traffic visible, though encrypted[^7].

[^1]: Meshtastic - Wikipedia [^3]: Introduction | Meshtastic [^7]: LoRa Meshtastic

top 26 comments

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[–] 19 points 1 year ago (7 children)

Meshcore is currently considered superior in most respects to Meshtastic, and as a result has a faster growing user base.

https://meshcore.co.uk/

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  • [+] 9 points 1 year ago (4 children)
  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    I looked around a bit more, seems to be regional which is growing faster. UK Meshcore is growing fast, which makes sense since core devs are there. I haven't found a good statistics source for node numbers, probably for the best given the network goals. Meshtastic of course is older so has the inertia lead, but the security and routing of Meshcore definitely is appealing to me and seems better for emergency situations where text messaging reliability is top priority.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago* (1 child)

    Meshtastic is fully dominant in user numbers, but is fundamentally broken by design for what most people actually want to use it for, which is a distributed zero infrastructure communication network. As soon as numbers rise it is crushed by the weight of its own administrative traffic. Also, it's way too easy to set nodes up as ROUTER nodes, which crushes the mesh and swallows traffic ironically.

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  • I just founded a new religion called Assholeology and six people joined. We grew 600% in the last 90 seconds, we're the fastest growing religion on the planet. Statistics is the science of applied dishonesty.

    Meshtastic I think got here first and has an install base, but it's fuckawful software. There's not a single feature that isn't more than half-implemented.

    Plus...where I live, I don't get any kind of practical range out of 900Mhz. The fourth circle of hell is opaque to UHF so I can't reach outside my own neighborhood. I can hear clean to Limbo on 2 meters though.

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  • [–] [S] 8 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

    Long, long time ago, we used the finger command for communication, still works and without the need of any extern app. Works by default in all Unix like systems (Windows, Mac), in some Linux distros needs to be installed, if it isn't already implemented.

    You can use happynetbox to create an handle

    Example

    Open console and write finger zerush@happynetbox.com

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago* (1 child)

    I know its not the same, but i find the concept alot more well implemented And personally been having fun with it as its more than LoRa and Ethernet.

    Rnode is the equivalent

    https://reticulum.network/

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago (6 children)

    I'm really curious about this stuff. What is the easiest way to try it out?

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    First, check https://meshmap.net/ to see if anyone is around. If not, you can be the first (it just will be very quiet).

    Next look for a device. I'm partial to this one: https://www.seeedstudio.com/SenseCAP-Card-Tracker-T1000-E-for-Meshtastic-p-5913.html - just make sure whatever you get it's spec'ed for your region.

    Then just download the Meshtastic app on your Android or iOS device and you're set.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago* (1 child)

    If you don't want to use a phone because of privacy concerns there are also stand alone meshtastic devices with blackberry style keyboards too

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    The device this user mentions is the Lilygo T-Deck, and it's wonderful! It's on the pricier side of meshtastic devices, but works quite well. It's the device I've given to my friends and family in town, as it's much less hassle than trying to teach them to use a device with the app.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    Buy at least two nodes, get bored talking to yourself, regret the $50 purchase and then get your ham license.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)

    I have a family member who uses ham radio, so that could be cool. Is the equipment cheaper than mesh then? And do you know if it can be encrypted?

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  • Encryption is not allowed on ham radio, with the exception of control commands for, like, satellites. Yes, there are amateur radio satellites in orbit. All 2-way communiques must be in the clear.

    Ham radio gear can be very expensive, or, I think I could get you on the air for about what you'd spend on meshtastic gear, being realistic.

    You look at Meshtastic and go "Oh boy, a node cost $15, let's go" But, that's for a basic board like a Heltec V3. That doesn't include a battery, it includes a crap little wirewound antenna, it doesn't count an enclosure. Those ready made nodes like a T-Echo cost more than that, and if you want to put up an outdoor solar powered weatherproofed node up somewhere, $100 is going to be the floor. For an extremely low bandwidth 0.1 watt UHF radio.

    Meanwhile, you can get a Baofeng UV-5R for around $30 and you've got a 5 watt 2m/70cm FM handheld that'll work with the majority of existing repeaters. There's one 2m repeater 1,000 feet up an antenna tower a bit south of Raleigh that can be heard by half the state.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

    I've been experimenting with Meshtastic for about a year now, and I love it! It's currently my backup comms plan for my wife, as well as a few friends and family.

    Although, I am putting more of my hopes into the reticulum network, with the hopes that it grows in the future.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    It’s currently my backup comms plan for my wife, as fell as a few friends and family

    What kind of range are you getting between you? I assume lots of people are using it in your general area then?

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    Meshtastic is cool! Just wish there were people in my area

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    Reticulum incorporates much of what meshtastic already does but with redundancies that are going to prove useful under an authoritarian regime. I would point people to reticulum instead of meshtastic.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (2 children)

    Just got my heltec v4 in the mail and the meshtastic web flasher isn't working for some reason. It has never had an issue flashing any of my v3s in the past. Maybe the newness of the hardware makes setup a bit more fiddly since I'm sure my usb c cable is a data cables.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (1 child)

    There’s a v4 now? What’s new?

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    I saw improvements to transmission power as well as a built in solar charging interface and thought it was good enough of a reason to try it out. Still haven’t had a chance to get it fully functioning yet, though that might be more due to me not really having time to troubleshoot.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    The meshtastic sadly makes implementation of a signal protocol almost impossible. I just wish we didn't need to have static single PSKs for secure comms over it.

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  • 37 comments in c/til@lemmy.world view that post
    [+] 30 points 1 year ago (5 children)
  • [–] 25 points 1 year ago (4 children)
  • [+] 20 points 1 year ago (2 children)
  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago

    I’ve gone down parts of this rabbit hole (reading, not implementation). Wish I could guarantee that I could set anything up (including just setting up Meshtastic nodes in fun places) without getting arrested for setting up what can only look like an espionage infrastructure network to the government.

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  • [–] 17 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    Meshtastic is nice. I have one node already, debating myself if that's enough or if I should get/build a solar node.

    I was very fortunate that there's an active community in my city. I can reach nodes 50km away without a big antenna.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago (2 children)

    How? I get about three blocks.

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  • [–] 13 points 1 year ago (4 children)

    Have a node up in the attic which is bridged to my wifi and into my Matrix server. Of course, in the event of a catastrophe the usage will be direct bluetooth connection from a phone instead.

    The range is impressive, my node connects to others several tens of kilometers away.

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  • [–] 15 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    I've got a node on my roof. Solar powered RAKwireless. I can connect using my phone over bluetooth.

    Can you give some details for how you bridged it to Matrix? That sounds interesting. (I have a matrix server too)

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    Is there som rough map of where this stuff exist?

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  • [–] 9 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    https://meshmap.net/, but you have to opt-in for your node to show up there. There are ~20 nodes in my vicinity, but only 5 of them are on meshmap.

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago

    This will be fantastic during the apocalypse and we lose Internet.
    Too bad I'll have lost the Internet so I won't be able to learn how to get the equipment and set it up, until it's too late

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago

    We see "-tastic" used as a suffix so often that it seems genuinely odd to see it explicitly explained.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    What do you plan to do with it?

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  • [–] [S] 5 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    The fantasy is that during the Robot Uprising, this allows us to coordinate with the rest of the Human Resistance and ensure mankind's survival.

    The reality is probably just sending Dad jokes to one another.

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    If you want to have communication available at any kind of protest, and you would rather not provide the authorities with your name and address, Meshtastic can be quite useful. In the US, we have reached the point where that can be a serious issue. In other parts of the world it can be a matter of life or death.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    I've looked into Meshtastic, I have a pair of nodes. I am solidly not impressed.

    I live in a wooded area, I can shout farther than the range of these nodes. It's hilariously pathetic. Yes I know people who live on mountaintops can hear the gods themselves on this thing but in the forest the RF spectrum ends at 300MHz. The U in UHF stands for USELESS. So unless you're in the room with someone else who has a node, the experience of using it is turning on MQTT and only making contacts that way. Which means you've bought a badly made low power radio to connect your phone to itself.

    The software is pretty bad, too. It's got a lot of the standard FOSS defects, there's a LOT of features that are about 1/3 of the way implemented and the feature set is different from platform to platform. On the Android app, you can "reply" to someone else's message, almost like conversation threading. On the web UI, that feature isn't supported so the message just comes through with less context. There's emoji reactions! On the mobile app, you can see someone has reacted with an emoji to your message. There's no way to see who, because if you tap on the emoji you'll respond with the same emoji, so the identity of your contact will just be a mystery forever. On the web UI, reactions aren't a thing, and it looks like someone posts a message with a single emoji in it. So you can tell who posted it, but without the context as to why.

    There's a range test function that sets a node to kind of an automatic beacon, so you can take another for a walk or drive and see just how truly pathetic the range is, and your mobile node will store its GPS coordinates...forever. They made it able to store it as a file but did not provide the ability to erase it.

    There's like five ways of interfacing with the microcontroller's GPIO or serial bus to attach external hardware, each more convoluted and limiting than the last. Oh, and if you want to do some like remote telemetry or control across the mesh, I hope you like spamming everybody, because even though it has the concept of private channels, you're not allowed to use any of them. Almost all automated messaging is forced into the Primary channel.

    The only thing I can see that recommends Meshtastic over Meshcore or Reticulum is it's relatively easy to get two nodes talking to each other on Meshtastic, you've just got to make sure like 40 settings match on two devices.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    There's like five ways of interfacing with the microcontroller's GPIO or serial bus to attach external hardware, each more convoluted and limiting than the last.

    You should see the (so far) 7 incomplete ways to manage network devices on the wake of ifcfg being ruled too unsparkly. I'm sure there's more, but oh God is it ever a mess -- and don't ask why nmcli conn (not nmtui conn as you'll find) collects crud to bite you in the ass when you really can't afford it.

    Lost-boys software is such crap, man.

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    You saw that post of the guy on the bus as well then?

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Fun if you are travelling and go to a new town/city with an active user base.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    That reminds me, I want to get some walkie talkies for my kids. There may be loRa walkie talkies maybe?

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

    short answer, no.

    Long answer, LoRa is a very low bandwidth digital scheme. It can BARELY do SMS-like text messaging. Audio, especially in real time, is way out of the question. There are devices sold as more or less complete Meshtastic nodes with their own built-in UI, one of which looks quite a bit like an old Blackberry, but it's not exactly kid friendly.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    Meshtastic is cool, I haven't gotten into it. It's all license free. I say that because some other radio based hobbies need a license (GMRS and ham).

    Folks looking into it, many of the devices use Bluetooth to communicate with a phone or computer so you don't need to type messages directly on the device, but the technology is still off grid. There are totally self contained devices you can type on directly. I just wanted to mention that because seeing "off grid" then seeing them pairing with phones can be confusing. It's truly only to enter messages and keep devices a little cheaper and easier to use.

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