Yes. That is a skill that you spend around the first two years of a music degree learning and perfecting. In your solfege class you learn to read in all keys, and clefs. You learn to identify all intervals by ear and learn to sing them. You even do dictations where you have to write down music you hear.

After that study, yes you can know what the music will sound like by just looking at it.

Musicians well trained in music theory can correctly sing intervals given a first reference note (relative pitch). Then a small portion of them also have the ability to not need a reference note to find the correct pitch, it's called absolute pitch (there's a debate if it's an innate ability, and it is a superpower with downsides).
So the answer is yes, at least with a first reference note. But it may take years of practice. I think all professional classical musicians have this ability.

Kind of? If I'm looking at a trombone part: sure, no problem. If I'm looking at the full orchestral score: no, not really. As the music becomes more complex and involved, my ability to hear it drops off. And I only have relative pitch -- if you ask me to sing it I'll start on the wrong note but I'll sing it correctly relative to that pitch.

A skilled musician can convert sheet music notes to "do rey mi" type sounds almost second hand. It just takes me awhile and doesn't come naturally to me.

I originally studied music in uni and have aphantasia and no inner monologue. I never heard anything in my head.

For the most part yes, but everything sounds like a guitar.

Yes. Classically trained, degrees and all. I always had good aural skills; it came naturally to me and formal training just made me better at it. Now I sing and singers absolutely have to know how to do it if they’re sight reading. No instrument to rely on. Some can’t do it; they have to hear it first. Singers get a bad rap by other musicians honestly.

Yes. And i can see the parts that will be annoying to play

Bozner Bergsteiger Marsch. Grrrr!!!

Fun fact: you know how you can maintain a conversation while listening to music, but it's awful hard to do so while reading text? Well, musicians trained to do so can read a music sheet while talking because "reading music" triggers the same brain bit that is used to process music, so they're effectively "listening" to the music while talking.

Also, I've heard 3 different orchestra conductors say that no orchestra performs better, no matter the piece, than the one in their minds.

I don't do music often (except for messing around with some MIDI software things), but reading sheet music is something they taught in school, so I can read it and figure out the rhythm and notes of a song quite easily, and theoretically play it on piano as they also taught that.. but I haven't used one in years now

No, not really. I can't speak for everyone but I have some background in sight singing and ear training from studying music in university and for me it's mostly logical.

I'm mainly thinking about the key that I'm in and the intervals at play.

Back when I sight read, I was more of an up and down sound kind of reader. Like, I wouldn’t think of the exact sound of a middle C, but I would have a sound that I called the C and go up and down from there as the piece went up and down the scale. Somewhere in there I’d also think about where the note that I’m seeing on the page would be played on the instrument.

I'm REALLY BAD at sight reading but no when I do it, I don't hear the notes in my head. It's more like touch typing, transferring the sheet music to keystrokes on the piano. People I know who are better at it and know more theory than I do can read a score and audeate (= like "visualize" but for sound) the music. I think the key to that is ear training rather than sight reading per se. I have a reasonably good ear for single pitches but no ear training. Maybe someday.

i've always been envious of people with good aural skills. i can sight read on a few instruments but ask me to sing it- even just in my head- and i'll be lucky to get a quarter of it right. rhythms are no problem but tones, there's just no way, even after years of attempts at ear training

it's funny how in some folk and rock communities, being able to read is seen as this advanced (and unnessicery) skill. meanwhile without the dots in front of me or muscle memory, i can't play shit!

I can read tabs or my own preferred similar notation system. I can't "sight read".

I get an understanding of the mood emphasis of the notes. I can also corrolate which part goes with what the music sounds like..

It really is the only way I could read sheet music by sight; hearing DO-RE-MI, etc, in my head as I look at it. I wonder if that would have been actual instrument sounds if I had learned to read music from playing an instrument instead of choir, tho.

yes