I'm not a scientist/astronomer but my beste guess would be that stuff is named based on the instrument/telescope that found it first and some number or based on survey project names. There are so many objects we discover, anything "more sophisticated" would probably be too much work. If something turns out interesting later it might get additional names or a nick name.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_naming_conventions#Modern_catalogues

It's based on their coordinates from earth, but the end result is basically what's in the OP.

Cat walking across keyboards at the wrong time of a group chat