ICE buys tool to monitor millions of smartphones. Experts say it’s dangerous
(www.independent.co.uk)
No OS protects you from this. If you are carrying a device that communicates with cell towers, your location is being triangulated and logged. I'm not sure about the daily location signals they're referring to, but cell tower triangulation has been a thing for a long while.
Only way to avoid it would be to only carry devices that cannot transmit data. Internetingly enough, pagers fit the bill as receive-only devices. Messages are broadcast on the entire network instead of routed to a single device.