sorry, I conflated what you said about falsifiability being the most popular framework with thinking he did solve the problem of induction, lol - I had just woken up when I responded to you, my apologies 😅

Popper is great, also recommend Hilary Putnam's "The 'Corroboration' of Theories" on Popper. I admittedly adore Putnam, but it's a nice overview of Popper's view of induction and its problems.

Thomas Kuhn (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions) and his idea of paradigm shifts is also worth mentioning here, and Kuhn comes up in Putnam's chapter, too.