I'm sure this is not a new thing, but I just found out about it, and I think it's pretty neat!

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[–] 103 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (10 children)

Trivia time!

Yes, over a certain size. AIS class A transponders are mandatory on ships over 24meters. Smaller than that, and many people use them anyway because it's convenient. Many recreational boats use class B with lower transmit power.

Anyone can operate an AIS transponder in receive-only, enabling you to receive the data yourself. This is how sites like that operate - Many volunteers who receive and forward the NMEA string to the site. Hell, if you have one of those cheap USB-SDRs you can roll your own at minimal cost. Decoding the relevant NMEA strings (AIVDO and AIVDM, readable at 38400 baud) is a bit of a pain in the ass, as it's built around a 6-bit ASCII table. But I managed to do it with a perl hack once upon a time, so it's highly doable.

NB: While not legal, it's very easy to disable an AIS transponder temporarily. War ships often do this.

Tumbleweed

I'm glad you asked; A more reliable method for establishing position is by sending a position request via DSC (VHF channel 70 or MF 2187.5kHz), as that's a lot harder to disable. You're gonna need an ROC or GOC to do this legally, though. As well as a MMSI, come to think of it.

Source: I used to work with maritime comm systems, including installation of both VHF radios, MF radios, and AIS transponder. I have a GOC.

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  • [–] 33 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    Oooh, I love this kind of comment, packed with fascinating information I don't really understand but I'm sure someone does!

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  • [–] 15 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

    As I no longer work in that field, I'm happy to answer any questions you (or anyone else, for that matter) may have on the subject. To me it's remnant information I no longer need, but to others it might come in handy. Or at least interesting.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago* (1 child)

    I know next to nothing about ships and laws that pertain to them, but on the topic of pirates, do ships have the right/authority to defend themselves? In another comment of yours, you mentioned war canoes, if a ship sees or detects a craft like this and it doesn’t respond to communications, what’s to prevent crew on board from blasting them out of the water?

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago*

    My understanding is basically that it's up to what local laws allow, combined with ship owners policies.

    We saw what was most likely pirates a few times, but we had armed escorts so they were never openly hostile. You can't just shoot at any that vaguely resembles pirates, as there are fishing boats in the area as well, and they don't look that different.

    Story time!

    I remember chilling on the back deck, doing my hour of lookout in case someone were trying to board us. One of our chase boats (armed escorts) contacted me via the portable VHF I was carrying to let me know there was a small boat looking like it was trying to approach. I found this odd, as the only boats I saw in the vicinity were boats that were supposed to be there. I looked over the railing, and knew what the chase boat was talking about: Yup, there was a boat there, alright. But it was one of ours, they were just normally much further away. Turned out they were almost out of water after being in an open boat for an entire day that was abnormally hot even by Nigerian standards. I gave them a tray full of ice cold coke cans and a few bags of doritos from the workshop next to me, and they grinningly went back to their job of towing away fishing nets that had drifted into our survey area.

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  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    I just got a hackrf and it has an AIS tool built in. It's real neat, I've got to play with it a while. It plots them on a map, but it's extremely low res. My city is like 4 pixels. I'd really like to be able to fix that somehow.

    I've also noticed a lot of the information it reports seems wrong. Like the same boat can be reporting anchor down and 5 knots. And even more are under way with engine but 0.0 knots. I'm not a boat captain but that doesn't seem right.

    It's still endless fun just reading the names of the boats as they pass

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    The ship state (at anchor, etc) is a manual setting that the bridge crew will have to change. Same goes for destination. And bridge crew has enough on their plates already, so updating it isn't exactly a priority. That's why you often see "Ch 16" set as destination, as it's basically shorthand for "If you really need to know, ask us on VHF Ch 16".

    As for receiving AIS data, if you're able to decode the data, it's easy to plot it yourself. AIS messages (AIVDO is the one you're interested in) consists of several messages, and most of them contains the ships position. Every so often, the ships name is transmitted (The MMSI number is the primary identifier).

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Well that's a bit of confusion cleared up, thanks! I did actually notice I'd get some information and then a little later the name would show up too. I figured it was just bad reception missing the full message, but you're saying they're sent separately? I guess I'll stop fiddling with my antenna

    The fact they just put their contact info for destination is hilarious to me. I should get a radio license.

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

    Yeah, your antenna is fine. AIS contains more information than can be fit into a single packet, so it's spread out over several. Every packet contains the MMSI of the ship, which you can use to link every packet together. If I remember correctly, there are three or so packet types. Position and speed is sent relatively often. And static info such as name and other info that doesn't change a whole lot is sent much more infrequently.

    Maritime radio license is easy to get. An ROC which covers the basics is a day or two. It's basically just a course on how to properly operate a VHF. GOC covers a lot more (telex, inmarsat, EPIRBs, etc) and basically certifies you as a radio operator for any ship. It takes about a week.

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    NB: While not legal, it's very easy to disable an AIS transponder temporarily. War ships often do this.

    import memeify
    memeify.memeify(source='Paw Patrol turns off body cam',
        image='Russian warship',
        text='*Turns off AIS*')
    
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  • [–] 57 points 1 year ago (7 children)

    Link to the site?

    Also you can do the same thing with planes.
    https://www.flightradar24.com/

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  • [–] 32 points 1 year ago (5 children)
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  • [–] 37 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Not the ones that turn off their transponders! For example, the Chinese squid jigger mother ships, the Chinese krill dragnet ships, the Chinese illegal salvage ships plundering war graves, and of course, the Chinese and Russian transship tankers smuggling sanctioned oil in international waters.

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  • [–] 13 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

    There is a group of people on bluesky tracking the russian shadow fleet, they are often trying to fake their registrations, which cannot be confirmed ofc.

    https://sketchy.boats/ https://bsky.app/profile/pa.nton.cx https://bsky.app/profile/lloydslisted.bsky.social

    Edit: and this is how it's going regarding the stopping of sanctioned and false flagged oil tankers: https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1154431/Baltic-shadow-fleet-stand-off-continues-as-Russia-warns-of-tanker-raids

    if i were NATO, i would have fucked up russia's business long ago and snatched a few loads of free crude too.

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  • [–] 30 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    Any ship using a transponder. It's the ones that don't that are really interesting 😉

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  • [–] 27 points 1 year ago (1 child)

    TIL, thought this were only available for plane.

    Also good to know Ever Given is no where near a canal now.

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  • [–] 26 points 1 year ago* (3 children)

    I was perusing that map recently. Was kinda funny seeing a bunch of ships with clearly Russian names like "Admiral Yuri Dolgoruky" or "Cosmonaut Eugene Ponasenko" under Mongolian flag, of all others Yeah, the landlocked country. I guess there's nothing wrong with landlocked country owning ships, but I just could't get this meme out of my head

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  • [–] 89 points 1 year ago (2 children)

    Works for all counties except the following, who consistently disable AIS and LRIT for various reasons: China, Russia, Iran and Senegal.

    So while the International Maritime Organization requires these devices be enabled, the aforementioned counties just ignore it when disabling AIS suites their purposes (Illegally changing flags during voyage, poaching, etc).

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago* (1 child)

    who consistently disable AIS and LRIT for various reasons: China

    None of these are Chinese? Are you sure?

    Russia

    https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:2656444/mmsi:273254900/imo:9720263/vessel:ZAFAR

    Iran

    https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:658462/mmsi:422517000/imo:9184691/vessel:IRAN_SHAHED

    Senegal

    https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:280591/mmsi:247285500/imo:9377470/vessel:GRANDE_SENEGAL

    the aforementioned counties just ignore it when disabling AIS suites their purposes (Illegally changing flags during voyage, poaching, etc).

    Like, far be it for me to suggest merchant vessels don't regularly engage in shady shipping practices. But this is far more widespread than just a few countries Americans don't like

    the total capacity of ships in the U.S. and U.K. registers as of 1 January 2024 is 13.2 mil. dwt and 11.1 mil. dwt respectively.

    I guess two of the largest merchant navies in the world are on vacation?

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_convenience#Wages

    In 2009, the flag-states employing the highest number of expatriate-Filipino seafarers were Panama, the Bahamas, Liberia and the Marshall Islands. That year, more than 150,000 Filipino sailors were employed by these four flags of convenience.

    Anyone remember which country has a deeply problematic fascist-friendly political and military relationship with the Philippians government right now?

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  • [–] 9 points 1 year ago

    None of these are Chinese? Are you sure?

    Those haven't got the system turned off. There's no where op claimed they have it turned off all the time. They turn it off when doing shady stuff like destroying underwater cables or poaching fish.

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  • [–] 14 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (6 children)

    My boat to Santorini was cancelled and I had to show the local office my proof on www.vesselfinder.com before they would believe me and helped me reschedule.

    The were talking about a normal minor delay but the ship was still in port, 3 hours away.

    There are some really cool ships sailing around the Mediterranean.

    Just look at Club Med 2

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  • [–] 12 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    These are some of the most bizarre typos I have ever seen. Cool comment though.

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  • [–] 9 points 1 year ago

    I had a lot of fun with that so when I was in Malaga. Sat in the beach for hours with a book, a bottle of chilled rose and grilled fish takeaway from a beach side restaurant.

    Identifying all the boats that trundled by and their destinations was great fun. We even saw an unlisted navy vessel.

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago

    Yeah, learned about this from the WhatsGoingOnInShipping youtube channel, which is useful if you're ever curious about something going on in international shipping.

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  • [–] 8 points 1 year ago

    That was a very great Internet Historian vid.

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago*

    And they told me I shouldnt even tell people where the cruise ship I was working on cruised around, even though it would be on the passenger itenerary. "Loose lips sink ships!" 🤦‍♂️

    It cruises around Hawaii, btw.

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  • [–] 7 points 1 year ago

    Ayy, I just saw the Internet Historian video on that!

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  • [–] 6 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    Is there any concern that pirates will use this tool to find targets?

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  • [–] 3 points 1 year ago

    Not concern, certainty.

    You will see transponders annotated with stuff like

    • armed security onboard
    • all Chinese crew
    • all Muslim crew
    • with armed escort

    That is sending a message to pirates that they are not the right target, or not worth the fight.

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    [–] 5 points 1 year ago

    Not Knight Boat.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago

    I've found it fairly inaccurate and imprecise for purposes of ship spotting. Often it even says things like "2 hours ago".

    For planes meanwhile, flightradar24 is absolutely excellent.

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  • [–] 4 points 1 year ago (4 children)

    Bet you can't find the Millenium Falcon

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  • [–] [S] 10 points 1 year ago (3 children)
  • [–] 5 points 1 year ago (3 children)

    A useful tool for modern piracy.

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  • [–] 13 points 1 year ago* (2 children)

    Just don't forget to use a VPN so your ISP can't see what cargo ships you're plundering.

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  • [–] [S] 2 points 1 year ago

    Anyone else think this would be a fun game like geoguessr? Drop like 4 people in with a 10 minute time limit to find the best ships then you all vote on best name, best design, biggest, ect

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    Learned this from the new digimon remake, lol.

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  • If you’re interested in cruising (with ships, not the other kind), there’s cruisemapper.com.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago

    I think you can only see the ones that are close enough to a coast that they get picked up by the AIS receivers.

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  • [–] 2 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (2 children)

    This seems like a good place to mention Internet Historian just dropped a hour and a half long video on the Ever Given. It starts slow but it's goddamn hilarious

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    Pirates on their way stealing a crate of shitty iphones

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  • [–] 1 point 1 year ago

    I started playing this game called Sky Cards and it’s kind of like this but for airplanes. So far, I like it!

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  • [–] 0 points 1 year ago

    Mildly interesting indeed!

    It'd be even more interesting if an interface like this would estimate the carbon emissions per scheduled trip for these ships.

    Surely one could estimate the impact based off of the ship class and distance.

    Come to think of it, that'd also be interesting for a flight radar kind of website.

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