Depends on to which level of government you are talking about.
If I have a job I'm paying federal income tax. Most states also have an income tax, but not all.
If I own property, I'm probably paying some sort of real estate tax to the state xand/or county. If I'm renting, probably not.
If, for example, I'm out of work and move back home with my parents, there may not be a clear government record of where I live. Because of how large the US is, that could be a move of 1000+ miles from my last legal residence (would be for me anyway)