Nothing stops you from making up a sentence the way I did. You're shown a string of 12 random letters and you will get $1000 if you can repeat them from memory tomorrow. You can't make up a weird memorable sentence in a few minutes with $1000 on offer? Idk about you, but most of us could use the extra $1000 and would jump at the chance.
The OP was asking about a passphrase that gets 1 word longer each day. Have you tested yourself at all? You might look up "memory palace" for techniques of doing that sort of thing. 5000 words is impressive, 50 is no big deal at all. Change your Lemmy password to a 5 word random phrase (write it down) and log in a few times a day with it. You will remember it without referring to the paper pretty quickly. Do that 10 times with different phrases and there is your 50.
I don't know what else to tell you since it's obviously only answerable empirically, and even given a demonstration you would probably just claim that the person was an unusual freak. I don't claim that literally everyone could do it (some people are just hopelessly forgetful). But IMHO it's very doable in general.