I graduated with a bachelor's in computer science about 10 years ago.

I have to really impress upon you how important it is that you try to understand what you're doing. If you feel hopeless because nobody around you seems to care then that's a good sign that you have the natural curiosity that is still necessary for this work. Always try to understand as much as you can, even if it's harder than what your classmates are doing.

This problem existed in a certain fashion when I was in school, though I admit you have it harder than I had it. Many of my classmates wanted their hand held through every single assignment and then were shocked their CS degree didn't get them an immediate job after they copied everything directly from StackOverflow for four years. If I'm interviewing a new hire the main thing I'm assessing is if they seem capable and willing to learn. I don't need someone who can take my questions and plug them into an LLM for me.

Foster a curiosity about how things work and why things are done a certain way, and you may not only improve your career prospects but also find school to be less demoralizing.