I am not sure what you are doing but you should not have to install tracert/traceroute as it is in the same utility family as ping.

Ping tells you the response time between you and your end point. Tracert outputs the response information of every hop along the way to your end point. It helps you pinpoint where the failure is along the way.

SteamOS is an immutable OS so many changes will be overwritten at your next update, but you can always pull a tool down temporarily, or keep a script saved on your desktop!

Pop the hood open

sudo steamos-readonly disable
Pacman is a package manager you'll have on steamos/arch. Refresh pacman keys and resync database.
sudo pacman-key --init

sudo pacman-key --populate

sudo pacman -Syy
Install the tool you want (traceroute) sudo pacman -S traceroute
Close it up again until your next change
sudo steamos-readonly enable

Once you're in a position to use traceroute you can just follow it with an IP or a domain.

traceroute 1.1.1.1

It will check each step (hop) along the networking path path between you and that target with details like the round trip time a message took to go there and back to you. Look for a hop where the latency gets bad and stays that way for the rest if the hops like a clog in a pipe. If you don't see that you'll probably want to examine with some other tools like mtr that go into more depth.
https://man.archlinux.org/man/mtr.8.en