RobWords on youtube or Nebula has a 20 minute video on the NATO phonetic alphabet thats more engaging than most. Worth a watch if you have the time, but the tl;dr is there needed to be a concise, interintelligible code to transmit as much data as possible over unreliable connections and multiple languages.

It is because each word doesn't sound like the other words so if it cuts out part of the word for interference or background noise you know 'lta' was delta and 'vo' was bravo and not some other words.

Experts and multilingual people were involved in choosing the words that could be pronounced clearly by people who spoke different languages, the words were each unique, and they have been consistent across many decades. The current list is the survivor of multiple attempts to do the same thing!

I think every service in the eastern half of my state uses the one I listed, and it's probably about a 90/10 split on plain english / 10 codes. Most of the 10 code usage is in the extremely rural areas. And god, don't get me started on 10 codes not being standardized. At least most of the major things seemed to be close. I haven't traveled to the western side for work, so can't speak to there. It is definitely interesting how things shake out in regards to agencies following recommendations.