It's the normal credit score.

I know it's just a meme, but the two scores measure broadly similar things, though they're not exactly the same. In the US, the credit score determines how easily one can get access to loans, have favourable the terms are, and in some cases, employment and housing, though using the credit score for those last two are increasingly banned.

In China, use of the credit score is much more pervasive. For example, I know of one instance where a high Sesame score can let you rent a battery bank from a battery bank machine without paying a deposit. Or a pet store that I walked past which had a minimum score requirement to adopt. This is possibly because the concept of a score which measures trustworthiness is a much newer concept in China and they haven't had the chance to regulate it yet.

But the memes where people supposedly posting negative things about the government online lowering one's "social credit score" are false.