I think BLE is only required for the initial compromise (extracting the pairing key). After that the attack can be performed over classic BT, and can impersonate either part (headphones or phone) to the other.
It's still very targeted and sophisticated, so no reason to panic unless you have reasons to think someone with the resources could target you.
Regarding the attacks, they go way beyond eavesdropping calls, since BT headphones usually have access to contacts and smart assistants, that you can use to extract a lot more information

Directional antennas exist and are very inexpensive

10-15 meters might be good enough to conduct the attack from a neighboring office or apartment, while actual eavesdropping is not so easy.

Honey i got to go there is a man outside our window with a lapton and an radio antenna "Ignore the man outside your window and just read off your credit card number