Python had some pretty cool math graph library (matplotlib, plotly, seaborn, silx...), R is also well know for this kind of stuff.

Wouldn't JavaScript really take the cake here? Like, Python definitely has some good libraries but JavaScript lives in the browser, interfaces with HTML5 canvas, and is far more popular by the nature of the web.

Processing at least for 2d stuff.

https://processing.org/

With all my dislike towards Matlab, it had great plots.

Manim Community is a community fork of 3blue1brown’s awesome manim visualization library for python.

Depends what you want to do, but for scientific stuff, R or MATLAB.

Mathematica’s visualizations are good, but this is the first and last positive thing I’ll ever say about it otherwise lmao

Python Bokeh: https://bokeh.org/

js has access to Apache echarts, which has a lot of diagrams and good api and doc with example

Python has access to matplotlib, plotly and more.

Both have the advantage of good support for secondary feature for data gathering and ui.

I moved from Python to Julia. I primarily generate mathematical images and videos: fractals, chaotic systems, complex functions, etc. I've found Julia to be faster with better libraries for my purposes (eg. VideoIO).

I don't do charts, graphs, etc.. but I imagine Julia has great libraries for that stuff too.