Naloxone helps mitigate the effects of an overdose, it doesn't prevent overdoses (or at least isn't used for that purpose). An overdose is not always lethal.

The research suggests that the observed reduction in overdose deaths was not primarily due to increased use of naloxone.

No, it's science: fewer overdoses means fewer deaths of overdose. Undeniable logic. As the science should be.

Seems cheaper.

I'm going to save you some time and frustration and just let you know: You're being down voted because you seem to be treating drug addiction like a personal failing rather than the disease that it is.

Knowing the thing you are addicted to could kill you is not a significant deterrence when you are addicted to something like heroin. You just feel terrified and also addicted. Clearly you don't understand addiction, and shouldn't be passing judgement on to others.

Alcohol is actually worse than opiates from nearly every perspective, it's one of the few addictions that can kill you just for quitting, and regularly killing people on both overdose and chronic usage (plus the societal cost of destroying the lives of people around the alcoholic). Compared to the actual damage your brain and liver takes from a bar dive and the added damage to the social fabric, i'd rather take a bunch of opiates and nod off for a few hours - most problems with opiates come from criminalization and unsafe environments.

I can speak from personal experience with fentanyl withdrawal that there is not much space for "rationality" when the need hits, and the danger becomes an abstract that does not deter anyone. I was hooked by my doctors on medical products and not street heroin, mind you. I'd compare it with the need to drink that glass of water when absolutely dehydrated on a hot day, with added intensity and pain. You are cold and nothing can warm you, your nose wont stop running, you can't rest because your muscles on every part of your body cramp (worst for me were the cramps in the musculature around/between the shoulder blades which prevented me from keeping any position longer than a few minutes, closely followed by the intestinal cramping), and every single thought in your brain revolves around getting the next hit to get out of this situation, just as you would think about finally getting that glass of water you crave.

The body produces opiates for itself in small amounts, but if you add them externally, 2 things happen that make it a bodily need: your body reduces the amount of opiates it produces (which have an important function in regulating body temperature and muscle tone), and your body tones down the intense signal, so whatever opiates your body produces are not enough to keep everything running. Getting that system back to normal working conditions can take a pretty long time.

And then there is the aspect that the feeling opiates give you is not experienceable in any other way. It's like the warmest, softest hug you'll ever get, and a state of bliss. This makes it hard for people like me who already have psychiatric issues and recurring depression to even consider stopping - nothing else i've experienced in my life has ever come even close to that wave that washes over you and takes away all the pain and doubt.

I only was lucky enough to confess my problems to my primary care physician in a phase of acute withdrawal - i just couldn't take the rollercoaster of "high or in withdrawal" anymore - that landed me in a substitution program. I am still addicted, but without both the positive and negative sides messing with me i can manage my life.

Addiction isn’t rational

I get what you are saying, completely fair.

Not when you get validation from the hundreds of times you do it with no issue

Don't take this the wrong way, but what you said reads like you don't know how any of the things you're talking about work.

I've had friends kick cigarettes and heroin and all of them still drink Monster, for example.

Apple overdose will kill you too.