Did they enshittify web search on purpose? Yes, absolutely. There are internal emails from Google proving this. I don't have the links handy, but dig back through Ed Zitron's newsletter and he has a very detailed breakdown (www.wheresyoured.at).
Edit - Found the article in question; https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-men-who-killed-google/
Did they do it to boost AI? No, it was already happening. They did it to boost ad revenue. The more pages or searches it takes you to find what you're looking for, the more ads they get to serve. And the more likely it is that you'll just give up and take the sponsored links.
AI has further worsened the decline by aiding in the production of low grade content that fills up space, squeezing out the useful stuff you actually want. And driving more use of AI tools certainly gives major players like Microsoft and Google a new, additional incentive to destroy the effectiveness of their search engines. But AI was not the original culprit. The decline started years before ChatGPT.
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