Here's an old paper from Guido van Rossum about Python as a glue language, which specifically calls out its extensibility via C/C++. From my understanding, the general philosophy of Python is to first make it obviously correct, and then optimize the parts that are too slow w/ native code.
And that's generally how we use it. The majority of our codebase is in regular Python, with some dependencies (i.e. numpy, scipy, torch) in native code because Python is too slow, and then some larger chunks that are 100% native code because the interface between Python and C++ is too slow for complex simulations. But outside of those corners of our application, we have hundreds of thousands of lines of simple Python code spread across a bunch of microservices. If Python didn't offer that easy native-code extensibility, we'd use a different language.