The fed is primarily concerned with unemployment and inflation. Increasing the interest rate tends increase the unemployment rate, but reduce inflation. The fed generally tries to balance these out. Tangentially related to that is the looming issue of the size of debt payments by the federal government. The fed rate isn't the entire factor for bonds, but it is part of it. If bond rates increase dramatically it could be a problem for the government as that could be the trigger for hyperinflation or stagnation, but that could also happen regardless of the fed rate.
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