On Windows, Macrium Reflect is really good for disk cloning. They used to have a free version, but not anymore. Instead, you can use the 30-day trial and get all the features. They specifically support cloning Linux drives intelligently. It doesn't just go sector by sector, but that's always a fallback for things like LVM (Linux Volume Manager), which it does not natively support.
https://www.macrium.com/blog/cloning-and-imaging-linux-file-systems-39bffeaf6307
External enclosures for NVMe drives are pretty cheap to help with the cloning. Now that I use Linux on my laptop, I simply took my Windows NVMe out of my computer and stuck it in an enclosure and it still boots off USB. That's pretty handy. I bought a UGREEN brand one.