i guess in medicine and law that's still in. :)

The traditional and formal way would be to address someone as "Professor/in Müller" or "Herr/Frau Doktor Müller" but lately no one knows anymore and everyone makes backflips adding in all the titles and honorifics, when trying to be formal, resulting in "Herr/Frau Professor Doktor Müller" or the like. esp. in medicine people will be upset if you dropped the title.

i just used Herr or Frau + Surname (mr./ms.) for my teachers in uni (that was in the humanities). in science and tech people would just call each other by their first names afaik. (note all of these are tendencies)

but a lot of these gendered and neutral words that are used in english quite often have no good equivalent in german, i think. if talking to someone casually, we do not usually call them a lot by words, that illustrate our relationship. (like bro, bestie, girrrrrrrl, son, ...) in greetings/openings it's the name plus maybe horifics and titles. there exist some like "young man", "my friend" (usually male) or "lady" ..., yeah, but i feel this is what old people or vendors use. i cringe at them. ;)