Need a source on “many health and educational Institutions” doing this. Especially since in the wiki article about the JRC it states “…at the time of the ban, the JRC was the only institution in the United States still using electric skin shocks as aversives.” It also refers to the condemnation of the JRC by the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture who declared that the rights of the students at the Judge Rotenberg Center had been violated under the United Nations Convention Against Torture. So this is something that has been widely condemned and appears to be confined to one facility which somehow keeps managing to skirt legalities.

So, what other health and educational institutions are doing this?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge_Rotenberg_Center