You have to earn it in other countries
No, the kids automatically get citizenship via jus sangunis if one of their parents is a citizen. Some have it so that if one of the parents is a legal resident, the kids also automatically get citizenship by being born there.
They don't have to take a test to vote in elections... no idea where you got that info from.
you take the exam and then you get your certificate or whatever
I find it hard to trust in the government to administer these tests fairly and be unbiased...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_test
From the 1890s to the 1960s, many state governments administered literacy tests to prospective voters, to test their literacy in order to vote. The first state to establish literacy tests in the United States was Connecticut.
State legislatures employed literacy tests as part of the voter registration process starting in the late 19th century. Literacy tests, along with poll taxes, residency and property restrictions, and extra-legal activities (violence and intimidation) were all used to deny suffrage to African Americans.
Oh btw, in Turkey, they require a college degree to become president... and guess what... the sitting president just uses corrupt shenanigans to get their opponent's degree revoked to get them out of the election...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_of_Ekrem_%C4%B0mamo%C4%9Flu#Annulment_of_university_degree
On 18 March 2025, Istanbul University annulled İmamoğlu's degree, citing irregularities. As Turkey's presidential candidates must hold a university degree, this would effectively block him from running for president. The decision came days before the opposition party was set to nominate him.