The screen is on the outside. The window opens to the inside. So no.

For american ones where you have a screen on the inside I have seen crank handles to push window out, or some have a tiny screen door in the screen you can open to reach the window latches, then close the tiny access door. It looks stupid, but it does work

I have a removable screen with one of these windows. The window opens inwards, the screen basically clicks into the window frame from the inside and sits between the window itself and the frame. So the screen sits outside the window, but you can easily remove it from inside. You just open the window and pull the screen out of the window frame.

I have an insect screen which can be glued to the inside like so:

(There's a white velcro strip already there, which you glue on before this step.)

But yeah, it isn't a given that it fits there. I have an ancient window, where they didn't use plastic or rubber yet, so they tried to seal the window by having it contact right where you'd glue the insect screen and then it obviously doesn't fit in between (I tried 🫠).

Oh there's many options. My windows are tiltable, they have (electric) roller shutters and bug screens.

Most of my screens roll up to the top (I have a little chain connected to the mechanism to roll it up and down), but I also have two doors whose screens' mechanism works horizontally, with a spring, it locks closed with magnets, when you release it from the magnets it rolls open by itself. It's even got a little cable-chain-like thing on the top and bottom to hold the screen, guide the movement and remove the gap.
And it can be removed from its frame with a snap catch, if you need to have the maximum opening to move something large through the door.

You've been on very different balconies from the ones I know.