Palaszczuk taxed the coal mining companies

Sure, but it wasn't an especially bold proposal. And it wasn't particularly central to either party's election campaign, compared to things like cost of living, the Olympics, and "youth crime".

she then put in a carbon tax

Not a carbon tax. A fixed-price period leading into a cap and trade scheme.

said carbon tax only lasted a few years

Still not a carbon tax. It lasted only a few years because the Government lost at the next election. Something that was greatly aided by the constant white-anting by Rudd after he lost the leadership.

Gillard's scheme was actually working. It was world-leading legislation that actually reduced emissions while it was in effect. If Rudd had just been willing to compromise and had delivered that exact policy in 2009 instead of trying to act the Big Tough Guy and insisting it was His Way or the Highway (despite the fact that "his way" would not have reduced emissions for another decade from today), turning it into the political football that brought down both his and Gillard's Governments.