Prism launcher works well on Linux and helps with keeping multiple versions of the game & multiple modpacks to keep stuff organized.
As for modding itself, it would need an IDE and build system, along with a bit of prep and research...
I think the programming game is definitely the way to go at first.
Though, knowing that modding is a possibility they can persue on their own in the future would still be good. Or maybe remind them of that once they gain some proficiency with the basic concepts.