For months, ICE has terrorized members of Springfield’s immigrant community, speeding after vehicles down normally placid streets and causing crashes. Chief among those being targeted are the city’s Haitian community, who began immigrating to the struggling town of 60,000 residents eight years ago to fill hundreds of open blue-collar jobs.

But a supreme court ruling allowing the Trump administration to end temporary protected status (TPS) for more than 350,000 Haitian nationals in July meant they could no longer work legally, and within days, dozens of ICE agents descended on Springfield. In September, Markwayne Mullin, the US homeland security secretary, said 380 people had been detained by ICE agents in Springfield.