I'm in a similar situation actually. I use MySudo for VOIP wherever I can. It's essentially my spam number just to get codes on, but I've never tested it with WF specifically.

Tello and US Mobile are they best "real" number carriers I have found. $8/mo, and you can pay another service to forward all messages to your extra-US number. You're trusting two parties for it, but I haven't found a better way.

Cheogram :D https://lemmy.ml/c/sopranica (or similar I think they moved)

Perfect for leaving the US/Canada while maintaining contact. Quite inexpensive

Yeah, a lot of text 2FA providers filter to only cell company registered phone numbers, unfortunately. There's not much you can do if your bank chooses one of those providers or explicitly asks their provider for that filtering. The text providers usually get their lists from the cell companies, so of your number isn't on those lists, then it's blocked if that filter is enabled.

WF typically caters more to wealthy customers and generally are behind in technology in my experience, so I doubt you'll be able to pressure them to offer another solution if they don't have something like email or passkey support already, but many banks do offer a physical code generator device for this purpose. And many banks offer codes or push notifications via their app for 2FA. I use GrapheneOS and some apps work for me even without Google stuff. It's usually the big guys like WF, Chase, etc., that are behind the times.