I get Spain, but why is it that so often with these maps Eastern Europe shares the same word as the Arab world?

Ottoman empire ruled the eastern Europe for some centuries and Ottoman language was a mixture of Turkish, Persian and Arabic.

but i assume that the elephant is Indian influence rather than Arabic. IIRC, that's also where the game is conceived

edit, yes, it literally is an elephant ☞ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaturanga