France did speak out against the USA publicly after the news broke, so that was one option, yes. TBH Snowden had no reason to believe Russia or China would keep him after he already outlived his usefulness, unless perhaps they still think he's useful even now.

Then he shouldn't have picked China and Russia as his first two options. While speaking with reporters he was already in Hong Kong intending to cross into China but realized they have an extradition agreement with the USA.