In higher education, some schools have a chain of escalation, and usually things usually don't get to the point of actually doing a "trial" (although that does happen some times)

• students are innocent until the instructor suspects something
• instructors can implement the penalty that they see as appropriate, but the student can appeal to a higher authority if they think it is not appropriate (department, dean, etc)

Even in civil justice systems, guilty until proven innocent doesn't mean that someone faces no restrictions until guilt can be proven. When two parties disagree, they will try to solve it themselves while the court remains an option if that doesn't work out.

Our school actually publishes summaries of the incidents, if anyone is curious what students are getting up to these days: https://universitycounsel.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/media-uploads/files/SD%202024-2025.pdf