There are all sorts of alternatives. But they are all really expensive, difficult to deploy and tend to be viable only in certain locations. Earthships are one.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthship
I've seen some people do closed-loop earth tube systems. But they collect mold and have drainage issues.
Older homes and barns use to have Cupolas or widow’s walks, also historically called a roof walk or captain’s walk. The hot air rises and is vented out the top of the house.
https://www.architerms.com/cupola
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widow's_walk
You may hate AC but for some locations and situations it's the best solution. If not the only solution.