If the soil isn't pale looking but a nice dark color, you're good to start. Otherwise, mix in some compost. Plant some potatos, carrots, maybe kale. That's it, at least where I live. Later you can worry about other vegetables.

Edit: If your soil isn't fit for gardening, look into raised beds, basically a box on top of the soil filled with fertile soil. Also, you can grow potatos in garbage bags filled with soil/compost.