George Washington Carver. Born enslaved, became a chemist, and proceeded to look around his community and ask, "What do we need? What do we have?" Most famously, what they needed was crop rotation. What they had to rotate in was peanuts, so they needed a market for peanuts, so GWC set out to create a bunch of peanut- and peanut-oil-based products. That's just the most famous example out of many; he spent his whole adult life doing this over and over.