More brands are using ratchet hubs now that the patent has expired. Shimano calls their version "direct engagement".
There are some details in this article, and an animation of Shimano's version in this youtube animation
From the animation it looks like what DT Swiss called "star ratchets" Shimano calls "hub ratchet" and "outer ratchet".
I think it's still a freehub because the ratchet mechanism is at the freehub-wheel hub interface. A freewheel has the ratchet mechanism enclosed within its own body, right? With a static threaded interface to the wheel hub.
I'm still trying to understand how the spline OP is trying to identify fits in. Are we looking at the back of the mated ratchet rings?