The only relatively safe way to avoid it is to not use any app unless it's from f-droid or similar places, to use a degoogled phone, to use an adblocker for all websites, to use an end-to-end messenger for private conversations and not social media, to use federated non-profit social media if you ever use any at all, to use a paid email provider that doesn't make money of your data as primary income, and to use an actually private web search (not Bing, not Google).

It's a shame that it requires so much knowledge and effort for a bare minimum of privacy.