Friction without contact discovered as magnetic forces break a 300-year-old law
(www.sciencedaily.com)
My uneducated understanding/intuition: Mechanical resistance to movement between two surfaces that touch. This resistance is partially caused by imperfections in the two surfaces that cause the surfaces to slightly mesh (which is why the force pushing the surfaces together is proportional to the friction). Also, partially, I am sure there's some electromagnetic laws at play on the molecular level that resists the movement.