OK, so what are they doing (wasn't explained in the article).
Because it's pretty easy to triangulate a phone just from the towers themselves - multiple towers pickup a phone, then based on signal strength and direction from each tower it's location can be pretty closely determined.
And with 5G cells being even smaller (often 1/4 mile in urban areas), the radio signal alone, triangulated, will locate you within a meter - the phone doesn't have to do anything other than be on.