I had the same happen on the root folder on a SATA SSD. The SSD was dying (don't remember if there was SMART errors, but the dmesg log showed write-errors. I cloned old SSD to a new SSD and haven't seen the problem since. That was years ago.
When there are multiple consecutive write errors, Linux will re-moumt the partition as read-only to protect the data.
(There usually a statement along the lines of "on-error:remount-ro" for the partition in the /etc/fstab file)