For all the wireless printers I’ve ever owned CUPS would recognize the printer once, do a job, and then magically act like the printer either doesn’t exist or is currently doing a job in perpetuity.

I mean odds are it's the printer that's acting up. I owned a brother laser printer that I had to connect via the network, and that thing only ever configured the network on boot. If anything happened to the network connection it'd go offline until you restarted it.

There's a reason I've seen multiple people recommend using something like a Raspberry Pi connected via USB as a replacement print server rather than relying on the native printer support. And since the modern printer protocols are basically lifted from CUPS, compatibility would be improved.