I personally think our cities are ludicrously spread-out and we need to massively improve laws surrounding strata management to make apartment living better, and build for public transport, walking and cycling, and not cars as personal daily transport.

The data is in, traffic will never be solved without viable alternatives to driving.

You shouldn't need to drive literal hours to make it across a city.

The problem here is density and transportation. 3M people is nothing, just that with cars it becomes unmanageable.

Though, I am not personally knowledgeable about Perth, another centre may be warranted!