I'd highly recommend the Maintenance Phase podcast. they have a recent episode specifically about "ultra-processed foods".

the most important takeaway I had was that there is no agreed-upon definition of what an "ultra-processed" food is. it's an "I know it when I see it" categorization. which can be fine for everyday life but it's not how science works.

for example, pretty much everyone agrees French fries aren't terribly healthy. but are they ultra-processed? you chop some potatoes and throw them in hot oil.

you end up with a circular definition, where "ultra-processed" really means "food that has unhealthy vibes" or "food that everyone knows is unhealthy...you know the ones". and then studies get published saying they're unhealthy...which, yeah, of course they are.

Okay?

Only solution to this is to end capitalism.

shocked pikachu face