That sounds like an XOR pointer, which did used to be a standard feature in Windows. There were patents on it and xorg were threatened with legal action by the patent holder, so I don’t think it was ever added to X. Those patents have probably expired now, so it may be possible to do.

Yeah, unfortunately there's no inverse mouse cursor theme. I loved it on windows as well. What I'm using now is this "Hackneyed high contrast cursors" theme, the green one to be specific, and I absolutely love it.

Example.

I don't actually know, but I assume mouse themes are universal? Or does KDE mouse themes now work with Cinnamon?

In KDE Plasma there's also a setting where you can shake your cursor to make it bigger, although I don't feel like I need it.

I read that there's an extension for Cinnamon that does the same, although I also saw a bug report that it might be broken, idk. Worth a shot. Here's how to enable it.

I dunno about that exact cursor but you can have a look here to see if any catch their eye.

I read the title and for some reason thought you'd mean that the whole screen is black except for the cursor, which would let the what ever was under it shine through.
Sort of like when a fps has a torch only level.
That'd be interesting!

In KDE if you furiously move the mouse pointer in frustration, as one would when they can't find it, the pointer will grow in size. Brighter minds than mine might be able to port that into Cinnamon.