The Guardian could not independently verify the authenticity of the entire dataset. However, the figures are broadly consistent with other estimates of Russian losses. British intelligence in September estimated that about 500,000 Russian soldiers had been killed since the start of the invasion.

Separately, the independent Russian outlet Mediazona has identified by name nearly 286,000 Russian military personnel killed in Ukraine, drawing on official records, social media obituaries and photographs of gravestones. The outlet estimates the true toll is closer to half a million.