From this site ( I only inspected briefly so it might be a conspiracy site idk^1^):
The massive outer stones came from about 15 miles north, the smaller inner stones traveled roughly 150 miles from Wales, and the central Altar Stone journeyed at least 750 kilometers from northeast Scotland
Quite impressive, though I think we've compiled a wide variety of ways that could have been done, and have been recreated, for moving massive stones like Stonehenge's. it seems less of 'how' and more of 'which method' that's the mystery at this point. Here's an article that articulates that sentiment, and a video of experimental historians replicating my favorite version of this.
Edit:
- ^1^ after giving it a more thorough look I feel safe saying this source is respectable.