I paid a dollar to use a bathroom in a Portuguese ferry terminal which had both sinks pulls off the wall (still sitting there on the ground as if anyone was coming to fix it) and a single working toilet which had a big chunk of porcelain knocked out of the bowl. It was actually pretty clean though.

superior look of Japanese public restrooms

I'd assume it's most parts of Europe - the Nordics certainly do, Germany and Austria as you mentioned, I believe Spain and Italy rely on paying for access by making a purchase in a café/restaurant, etc.

The only exceptions as far as I can tell seem to be the UK, Ireland and parts of France.

Just means vandalism of public bathrooms is now pay to play.